Generally, the result of an experiment is obtained by doing mathematical operations on several measurements. Obviously, the final error depends not only upon the errors in individual measurements but also on the nature of mathematical operations. Following are the rules for combination of errors. (a) Errors in a Sum or Difference: Let there be two Read more about Combination or Propagation of Errors[…]
a) Absolute error: Let a physical quantity A be measured n times and let A₁, A₂, … An be the results of these measurements. If Am is the arithmetic mean of these measurements, then Or … (1) Since the true value of the quantity is now known, we usually take Am to be the true Read more about Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error, Relative Error (Or Percentage Error)[…]
Precision: All measurements, even when carried out with the utmost precision and care, involve errors. These errors may be associated with technical difficulties (the imperfection of the measuring instruments, the limited possibilities of the human eye, which in many cases takes readings of instruments etc.) and with numerous factors that are difficult or impossible to Read more about Precision, Accuracy & Errors in Measurement[…]
The quantity work has to do with a force causing a displacement. Work has nothing to do with the amount of time that this force acts to cause the displacement. Sometimes, the work is done very quickly and other times the work is done rather slowly. For example, a rock climber takes an abnormally long time to Read more about Power[…]
The maximum permissible speed of a car on a banked rough road can be obtained as under.Ncosθ = mg + fsinθ Nsinθ + fcosθ = mv²/R If v = vmax then, f = fmax = μsN On substituting then simplifying we get . EXAMPLE 1:- A small block of mass m is moving over a Read more about Motion of a Car on Banked Road[…]
When a rigid body rotates about an axis, it possesses kinetic energy. All the kinetic energy of a rotating body is rotational kinetic energy (Kr). Let us now find the kinetic energy of a rotating body. The particle of mass m1 follows a circular path of radius r1. The magnitude of the linear or tangential Read more about Moment of Interia[…]
The Kelvin temperature scale is also known as thermodynamic scale. The S.I. unit of temperature is kelvin and is defined as (1/273.16) of the temperature of the triple point of water. The triple point of water is that point on a P-T diagram where the three phases of water, the solid, the liquid and the Read more about Scales of Temperature[…]
The molecules of a gas move with high speeds at a given temperature but even then a molecule of the gas takes a very long time to go from one point to another point in the container of the gas. This is due to the fact that a gas molecule suffers a number of collisions Read more about Mean Free Path[…]
According to the law of equipartition of energy, for any dynamic system in thermal equilibrium, the total energy for the system is equally divided among the degrees of freedom. The kinetic energy of a single molecule along the x- axis, y- axis and z- axis isKinetic energy of single molecule is Et = ½ m Read more about Law of Equipartition of Energy[…]
Description of the motion for a given interval of time. u = velocity of the particle in the beginning of the interval. v = velocity of the particle at the end of the interval. a = constant acceleration of the particle. s = displacement of the particle in the given time interval xi = co-ordinate Read more about Uniformly Accelerated Motion in One Dimension[…]