Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law: Kirchhoff’s voltage law states that the algebraic sum of all branch voltages around any closed loop of a network is zero at all instants of time. It is a consequence of the law of conservation of energy. Voltage being the energy (or work) per unit charge. A simple resistive network with voltage Read more about Kirchhoff’s Laws[…]
Depending on dispersion medium and dispersed phase: Dispersion medium Dispersed phase Type of colloid Solid Solid Solid sol Ex: gem stones, glasses Liquid Gel Ex: cheese, butter, gelatin Gas Solid foam Ex: pumice stone Liquid Solid Sol Ex: paints, ink, blood Liquid Emulsion Ex: milk, mayonnaise, hand cream Gas Foam Ex: whipped cream, shaving cream Gas Solid Solid aerosol Ex: smoke, ice cloud, atmospheric Read more about Types of colloidal solution[…]
Inductor in series and parallel: We shall first consider an ideal voltage source applied to the series combination of N inductors. Applying KVL to the original circuit, Vs = V₁ + V₂ + … + Vn But for the equivalent circuit we have, And thus the equivalent inductance is Leq = (L₁ + L₂ + Read more about Inductor in Series and Parallel[…]
Adsorption isotherms: Plot of the amount of gas adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent and pressure at constant temperature. 1. Freundlich adsorption isotherm: (n > 1) … 1 x = mass of the gas adsorbed m = mass of the adsorbent P = pressure k, n = constants. Depend on the nature of Read more about Adsorption II[…]
Consider a circuit containing an inductance L and a resistance R connected in series with a d.c. source of steady e.nif E volt and a tap key K (Morse key). When the key is pressed K is in contact with the point A, the current grows from zero to a maximum value of I₀. Let Read more about Growth of Current in an L – R Circuit[…]
Surface chemistry: Deals with phenomena that occur at the surfaces or interfaces Adsorption: ⇒ Surface phenomenon ⇒ Accumulation of molecular species at the surface ⇒ Adsorbate: the substance that accumulates at the surface ⇒ Adsorbent: the material on the surface of which adsorption occurs. ⇒ Adsorption α Surface Area Desorption: The process of removing an Read more about Adsorption[…]
Statement: The gauss’s theorem states that the total electric flux through any closed surface is equal to times the net charge enclosed by the surface. Total electric flux = x Net charge . . The circle on the integral means that the surface S is closed. The net charge means the algebraic sum of the Read more about Gauss Law[…]
1. Effect of temperature on reaction rate: ⇒ As the temperature increases, the average energy of the reaction increases, hence rate of reaction increases. ⇒ As a common rule, for every 10° rise of temperature, the rate of reaction will increase by 2 (or) 3 times of initial value. ⇒ According to Arrhenius concept: η Read more about Temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction[…]
Michael Faraday (1791-1867) introduced the concept of lines of force for visualizing electric (and magnetic) fields. An electric line of force is an imaginary curve drawn in such a way that the tangent at any point gives the direction of the electric field at that point. Lines of force are imaginary, but the field they Read more about Electric Lines of Force[…]
These are governed by the Faraday’s laws of electrolysis First law of Electrolysis: The amount of chemical change produced is proportional to the quantity of electric charge passing through an electrolytic cell. Greater the number of moles of electrons transferred, the greater the mass of the products. W α Q (charge) Charge = (current) ✕ time W Read more about Quantitative Aspects of Electrolysis[…]