Young’s double slit Experiment Young’s interference experiment, also called Young’s double-slit interferometer, was the original version of the modern double-slit experiment, performed at the beginning of the nineteenth century by Thomas Young. This experiment played a major role in the general acceptance of the wave theory of light. Young’s double slit experiment uses two coherent sources of light placed at a small distance Read more about Young’s Double Slit Experiment[…]

Bohr’s Theory of Hydrogen Atom Niels Bohr suggested that the problem about hydrogen spectrum can be solved if we can make some assumptions. According to classical theory, the frequency of the electromagnetic waves emitted by a revolving electron is equal to the frequency of revolution. As the electrons radiate energy, their angular velocities would change Read more about Bohr’s Theory of Hydrogen Atom[…]

Davisson and Germer Experiment The first experimental proof of the wave nature of electron was demonstrated in 1927 by two American physicists C.J Davison and L.H Germer. The basis of their experiment was that since the wavelength of an electron is of the order of spacing of atoms of a crystal, a beam of electrons Read more about Davisson and Germer Experiment[…]

L – R Series Circuit A circuit that contains a pure resistance R ohms connected in series with a coil having pure inductance of L (Henry) is known as L – R Series Circuit. When an AC supply voltage V is applied the current, I flows in the circuit. IR and IL will be the current flowing Read more about L – R Series Circuit[…]

P – N Junction Diode A P-N Junction Diode is formed by doping one side of a piece of silicon with a P-type dopant and the other side with an N-type dopant. Ge can be used instead of Silicon. The P-N junction diode is a two terminal device. This is the basic construction of the P-N junction Read more about P – N Junction Diode[…]

Extrinsic Semiconductors An extrinsic semiconductor is a semiconductor doped by a specific impurity which is able to deeply modify its electrical properties, making it suitable for electronic applications (diodes, transistors, etc.) or optoelectronic applications (light emitters and detectors).In this process, a small amount of any suitable impurity is added to a pure material, increasing its Read more about Extrinsic Semiconductors[…]

Intrinsic Semiconductors Semiconductor is a material whose conductivity lies in-between that of the conductors and the insulators. Semiconductors which are chemically pure, meaning free of impurities, are called Intrinsic Semiconductors or Undoped Semiconductor or i-type Semiconductor. The most common intrinsic semiconductors are Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge), which belong to Group IV of the periodic table. The atomic numbers of Si Read more about Intrinsic Semiconductors[…]

Semiconductors Solid state physics has classified the material that exist in nature into three types- Insulators, semiconductors and conductors. The material with fully occupied valence bands and empty conduction bands are insulators, the material with almost fully filled valence band and almost empty conduction band are semiconductors whereas the material with empty conduction band and Read more about Semiconductors[…]

Analog and Digital Signals A signal is simply an indication of movement of something. It can be current. Light, music or even the heat. Being quite crucial to science, signals have been widely divided into two classes in order to ease out their study. Analog and digital are types of signals that follow different mannerisms Read more about Analog and Digital Signals[…]

Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field comes in contact with a magnetic field. They are hence known as “Electromagnetic Waves”. The electric field and magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. They are also perpendicular to the direction of the EM wave. The waves Read more about Electromagnetic Waves[…]