Preparation methods 1. From calcium carbide: Ethyne is prepared by calcium carbide with water. CaC₂ + 2H₂O → Ca (OH)₂ + C₂H₂ 2. From vicinal dihalides: Vicinal dihalides on treatment with alcoholic potassium hydroxide undergo, dehydrohalogenation one molecule of hydrogen is eliminated to form alkenyl halide which on treatment with sodalime gives alkyne. Some Other General Methods Read more about Methods of Preparation of Acetylene[…]
Precision: All measurements, even when carried out with the utmost precision and care, involve errors. These errors may be associated with technical difficulties (the imperfection of the measuring instruments, the limited possibilities of the human eye, which in many cases takes readings of instruments etc.) and with numerous factors that are difficult or impossible to Read more about Precision, Accuracy & Errors in Measurement[…]
Isomerism Isomerism is a phenomenon shown by two or more organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different properties due to difference in arrangement of atoms along the carbon skeleton (structural isomerism) or in space (Stereo isomerism) Structural isomerism 1. Chain isomerism: These isomers arise because of the possibility of branching in carbon chains. Read more about Isomerism[…]
The quantity work has to do with a force causing a displacement. Work has nothing to do with the amount of time that this force acts to cause the displacement. Sometimes, the work is done very quickly and other times the work is done rather slowly. For example, a rock climber takes an abnormally long time to Read more about Power[…]
Resonance Effect: Resonance effect is defined as the ‘polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two πbonds or between a πbond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom’. It is designated as R or M effect. Now, a resonance effect can be either positive or negative. Look below positive and Read more about Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms III[…]
The maximum permissible speed of a car on a banked rough road can be obtained as under.Ncosθ = mg + fsinθ Nsinθ + fcosθ = mv²/R If v = vmax then, f = fmax = μsN On substituting then simplifying we get . EXAMPLE 1:- A small block of mass m is moving over a Read more about Motion of a Car on Banked Road[…]
Inductive Effect: The polarization of σ bond due to electron withdrawing or electron donating effect of adjacent groups or atoms is called inductive effect. Salient features of inductive effect: It arises due to electronegativity difference between two atoms forming a sigma bond. It is transmitted through the sigma bonds. The magnitude of inductive effect decreases while moving Read more about Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms II[…]
When a rigid body rotates about an axis, it possesses kinetic energy. All the kinetic energy of a rotating body is rotational kinetic energy (Kr). Let us now find the kinetic energy of a rotating body. The particle of mass m1 follows a circular path of radius r1. The magnitude of the linear or tangential Read more about Moment of Interia[…]
Types of Bond cleavage Homolytic cleavage: Homolytic fission is where each atom of the bond keeps an electron each resulting in species called free radicals. R−X→R∙+X∙ Homolytic cleavage occurs generally in the gas phase or in solution in non-polar Solvents and is catalyzed by ultraviolet light or high temperature of or by radical initiators such as Read more about Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms I[…]
The Kelvin temperature scale is also known as thermodynamic scale. The S.I. unit of temperature is kelvin and is defined as (1/273.16) of the temperature of the triple point of water. The triple point of water is that point on a P-T diagram where the three phases of water, the solid, the liquid and the Read more about Scales of Temperature[…]