Moseley’s law Soon after Rutherford’s scattering theory had been confirmed by experiment (about 1913), the one-to-one association of an atomic number Z with each element was solidified by the work of Henry Moseley (1887- 1915). He used Bohr’s model of atomic structure to determine the energy emitted when low-level electrons change orbitals. This energy has Read more about Moseley’s law[…]
Gauss Law The Gauss law is a very convenient tool to find the electric field of a system of charges. It is especially useful when situations of symmetry can be easily exploited. The electric flux () through a differential area is the dot product of the electric field and the area vector (this vector is Read more about Gauss Law[…]
LCR Circuit We know that there are two types of connection series and parallel. Series circuit is one in which current remains the same along each element. Now we will talk about LCR circuit. The LCR circuit analysis can be understood better in terms of phasors. A phasor is a rotating quantity. For an inductor (L), Read more about LCR Circuit[…]
Fundamental Forces in Nature What are the Fundamental Forces in Nature? There are four universal or fundamental forces in nature. Without these forces, all matter in the world will fall apart. Force as such is any pull or push that causes an object to alter its physical state (in terms of motion or deformity). Newton Read more about Fundamental Forces in Nature[…]
Electrical Resistance What is Electrical Resistance? According to Ohm’s law, there is a relation between the current flowing through a conductor and the potential difference across it. It is given by, V ∝ I V = IR Where, V = potential difference measured across the conductor (in volts). I = Current through the conductor (in amperes). Read more about Electrical Resistance[…]
Temperature dependence of Resistance Resistance is fundamentally the ability of the material to restrict the passage of electric current. Thus, just as material properties such as density, size, magnetization etc. change with temperature, so doe’s resistance. Resistance is really a bulk property; the resistivity on the other hand is a material property. Resistivity of Metals: The resistivity Read more about Temperature dependence of Resistance[…]
Voltage and Current Dividers Voltage Divider: A voltage divider is a simple circuit which turns a large voltage into a smaller one. Using just two series resistors and an input voltage, we can create an output voltage that is a fraction of the input. Voltage dividers are one of the most fundamental circuits in electronics. It is interesting and useful to consider Read more about Voltage and Current Dividers[…]
Diodes work as a Rectifier Diode as a Rectifier: The main application of p-n junction diode is in rectification circuits. These circuits are used to describe the conversion of a.c signals to d.c in power supplies. Diode rectifier gives an alternating voltage which pulsates in accordance with time. The filter smoother the pulsation in the Read more about Diodes work as a Rectifier[…]
Special Purpose p – n Junction Diode Zener Diode: ⇒ It is a special purpose diode named after the inventor C. ⇒ It is designed to operate under reverse bias in the breakdown region. ⇒ The symbol for Zener diode is: ⇒ Fabrication – It has heavily doped p – side and n – side. Due to this, Read more about Special Purpose p – n Junction Diode[…]
Series and Parallel Capacitors When capacitors are connected in series the total capacitance is less than any one of the series capacitors’ individual capacitance. If two or more capacitors are connected in series the overall effect is that of a single (equivalent) capacitor having the sum total of the plate spacing’s of the individual capacitors. Read more about Series and Parallel Capacitors[…]