- ex = 1 + x/1! +x²/2! + x³/3! + … + xn / n! + … ∞
- e-x = 1 – x/1! +x²/2! – x³/3! + … + (-1)n xn / n! + … ∞
- sinhx = (ex – e-x) / 2 = x/1! +x²/3! + … + … ∞
- coshx = (ex + e-x) / 2 = 1 +x²/2! + … ∞
- tanhx = sinhx/ coshx = (ex – e-x)/ (ex + e-x)
- sechx = 1/ coshx = 2/ (ex + e-x)
- cosechx = 1/ sinhx = 2/ (ex + e-x)
- cothx = 1/ tanhx = (ex + e-x)/ (ex – e-x)
- sinh (-x) = – sinhx
- cosh (-x) = coshx
- tanh (-x) = – tanhx
- sechx (-x) = sechx
- cosech (-x) = – cosechx
- sinh (x ± y) = sinhx coshy ± coshx sinhy
- cosh (x ± y) = coshx coshy ± sinhx sinh
- tanh (x ± y) = (tanhx ± tanhy)/ (1 ± tanhx tanhy)
- sinh2x = 2 sinhx coshx = 2 tanhx/ (1 – tanh² x)
- cosh2x = cosh²x + sinh²x = (1+ tanh²x)/ (1 – tanh²x)
- tanh2x = 2tanhx/ (1 + tanh² x)
- sinh2x + cosh2x = (1 + tanhx) / (1 – tanhx)
- sinh3x = 3 sinhx + 4 sinh³x
- cosh 3x = 4 cosh³x – 3 coshx
- tanh 3x = (3 tanhx + tan³x)/ (1 + 3tanh²x)
- sinh (x + y) sinh(x – y) = sinh³x – sinh²y
- cosh (x + y) cosh (x – y) = cosh²x + sinh²y
- (coshx + sinhx)n = (cosh[nx] + sinh [nx]) = enx
- (coshx – sinhx)n = (cosh [nx] – sinh [nx]) = e-nx
- cosh (2nx) + sinh (2nx) = [(1 + tanhx)/ (1 – tanhx)]n
Function |
Domain |
Range |
sinhx |
R | R |
coshx | R |
[1, ∞) |
tanhx |
R | (-1, 1) |
cothx | R – {0} |
R – [-1, 1] |
cosechx |
R – {0} | R – {0} |
sechx | R |
(0, 1] |
Graphs of Hyperbolic functions:
i) y = sinhxii) y = coshx
iii) y = tanhx
iv) y = cothx
v) y = sechx
vi) y = cosechx