Hyperbolic functions

  • ex = 1 + x/1! +x²/2! + x³/3! + … + xn / n! + … ∞
  • e-x = 1 – x/1! +x²/2! – x³/3! + … + (-1)n xn / n! + … ∞
  • sinhx = (ex – e-x) / 2 = x/1! +x²/3! + … + … ∞
  • coshx = (ex + e-x) / 2 = 1 +x²/2! + … ∞
  • tanhx = sinhx/ coshx = (ex – e-x)/ (ex + e-x)
  • sechx = 1/ coshx = 2/ (ex + e-x)
  • cosechx = 1/ sinhx = 2/ (ex + e-x)
  • cothx = 1/ tanhx = (ex + e-x)/ (ex – e-x)
  • sinh (-x) = – sinhx
  • cosh (-x) = coshx
  • tanh (-x) = – tanhx
  • sechx (-x) = sechx
  • cosech (-x) = – cosechx
  • sinh (x ± y) = sinhx coshy ± coshx sinhy
  • cosh (x ± y) = coshx coshy ± sinhx sinh
  • tanh (x ± y) = (tanhx ± tanhy)/ (1 ± tanhx tanhy)
  • sinh2x = 2 sinhx coshx = 2 tanhx/ (1 – tanh² x)
  • cosh2x = cosh²x + sinh²x = (1+ tanh²x)/ (1 – tanh²x)
  • tanh2x = 2tanhx/ (1 + tanh² x)
  • sinh2x + cosh2x = (1 + tanhx) / (1 – tanhx)
  • sinh3x = 3 sinhx + 4 sinh³x
  • cosh 3x = 4 cosh³x – 3 coshx
  • tanh 3x = (3 tanhx + tan³x)/ (1 + 3tanh²x)
  • sinh (x + y) sinh(x – y) = sinh³x – sinh²y
  • cosh (x + y) cosh (x – y) = cosh²x + sinh²y
  • (coshx + sinhx)n = (cosh[nx] + sinh [nx]) = enx
  • (coshx – sinhx)n = (cosh [nx] – sinh [nx]) = e-nx
  • cosh (2nx) + sinh (2nx) = [(1 + tanhx)/ (1 – tanhx)]n

Function

Domain

Range

sinhx

R R
coshx R

[1, ∞)

tanhx

R (-1, 1)
cothx R – {0}

R – [-1, 1]

cosechx

R – {0} R – {0}
sechx R

(0, 1]

Graphs of Hyperbolic functions:

i) y = sinhxSinii) y = coshxCosiii) y = tanhxTaniv) y = cothxCotv) y = sechxSecvi) y = cosechxCosec